Abu Ghraib and “Sensational” Photos

I have to wonder when Americans claim they didn’t know that rape was occurring at Abu Ghraib. We knew. From a 2004 transcript of a talk by journalist Seymour Hersh:

Some of the worst things that happened you don’t know about, okay? Videos, um, there are women there. Some of you may have read that they were passing letters out, communications out to their men. This is at Abu Ghraib … The women were passing messages out saying ‘Please come and kill me, because of what’s happened’ and basically what happened is that those women who were arrested with young boys, children in cases that have been recorded. The boys were sodomized with the cameras rolling. And the worst above all of that is the soundtrack of the boys shrieking that your government has. They are in total terror. It’s going to come out.

By the way, this information came out before the election of 2004.

If you didn’t know, you should have. This is absolutely a case of mass guilt. Over a million people have died. There was horrific torture of civilians, including children. In our names. We knew. If we didn’t know, our ignorance was willful, and it had everything to do with the race, nationality, and religion of the victims. We are responsible.

Now, as was inevitable (and perhaps intentional–after all, totalitarian regimes ultimately want people to know about the torture they inflict–that’s how they control dissent), photographs of some of the rapes that occurred at Abu Ghraib have surfaced, and there’s a debate about their release that I find bizarrely lacking. On one side, we have people who say the release of the photographs would lead to greater anti-American sentiment (you know what else leads to anti-American sentiment? Torturing children.) On the other, we have “progressives” calling for the release of the photos in the name of transparency. No one appears to be discussing what the rape victims might think about photographs of their rapes being distributed to the international news media. As is virtually always the case in our culture, when someone is raped we pay attention to the needs of everyone except the rape victim. The actual victims of rape are reduced to objects to be used for our own political ends. Their needs, their emotions, their desires, don’t count.

What the Obama Administration should do is contact these victims, and ask them what they would like us to do with the photos, and what restorative justice might look like. Incidentally, if reducing anti-American sentiment (rather than, for example, not raping people) is what we’ve decided we’re most concerned with, restorative justice would do a hell of a lot more to alleviate anti-American sentiment than refusing to release the photos, which, as far as I can see, does precisely nothing toward that end.

H/T Shakesville

Rape at Abu Ghraib (not “rape”)

Just when you thought it couldn’t get worse.

This morning the Telegraph reported that (according to a U.S. Major General who investigated Abu Ghraib) the pictures of prisoner abuse currently not being realeased to the public by the Obama administration depict multiple acts of sexual abuse, including the rape of men and women (story may be triggering).  Though a spokesperson for the Pentagon is denying that the photos contain such acts—and President Obama had previously stated that the photos were not “particularly sensational”—everyone already has an opinion of whether or not the pictures should be released.

I haven’t had a chance to sort through all of the responses yet, though hopefully I will be able to for a follow-up post later. The one that immediately stuck out to me was Susannah Breslin’s response on Double X. Megan at Jezebel discusses the incredibly problematic thrust of Breslin’s piece: that the photos aren’t being released because Obama and co. knows they are pornographic and will titillate us. This disturbing conflation of porn (ideally made by consenting adults with the expressed purpose of being arousing) and photos depicting actual sexual torture is made more troubling by the fact that Breslin begins her piece (as Megan points out) by saying this:

The Daily Telegraph reports unreleased Abu Ghraib photographs include sexual torture and “rape.”

“Rape”? Why the quotes? What on earth causes Breslin to question the appropriateness of using the word rape in this situation? I can’t even begin to guess…

It reminds me of the news articles that still insist on calling rape “sex,” like in this example that Cara points out where a man is decribed as “[beginning] a sexual relationship” with a 9 year-old girl. Let’s call it what it is.

How can you vote on human rights?

The California Supreme Court voted to uphold the ban (6-1) on same-sex marriage, but also voted not to retroactively dissolve the 18,000 gay marriages that had already taken place. So some marriage is legal while others are not, adding up to a strange “special citizen” subcategory of gay people. That makes sense.

We have a black president, and today an Hispanic woman was nominated to the Supreme Court. In this day and age, how can a majority vote to take away the rights of a minority? This decision reflects nothing but the failings of the state structure. One comment on a NY Times article pointed out that California requires a two-thirds super majority to pass an annual budget. How then, does it only take a simple majority  (52.1% vs 47.9%)  to decide on something that can affect so many lives?

Justice Carlos Moreno, the judge who voted against upholding the ban, argued that Prop 8 was not a lawful amendment because it altered the equal protection clause:

The equal protection clause is therefore, by its nature, inherently countermajoritarian. As a logical matter, it cannot depend on the will of the majority for its enforcement, for it is the will of the majority against which the equal protection clause is designed to protect. Rather, the enforcement of the equal protection clause is especially dependent on “the power of the courts to test legislative and executive acts by the light of constitutional mandate and in particular to preserve constitutional rights, whether of individual or minority, from obliteration by the majority.

It’s just a matter of time before gay marriage becomes legal throughout the United States. I just wish some Americans would focus their energy on something constructive rather than destroying the rights of others.

Monday Night Randomness

A NY Times op-ed piece by Kristof discusses mass rape after wars. While he points out that sex crimes are often a strong element of war, it would be a mistake to infer that these crimes would not also be taking place without war.

This was particularly disturbing:

In Liberia, sexual predation during the civil war was “normal.” One major survey found that 75 percent of women had been raped — mostly gang-raped, with many suffering internal injuries.

Feministe weighs in on the using-rape-as-metaphor trend. In this case, a blogger used a lengthy metaphor in which a television show is likened to a daughter who is about to be married to the viewing public. She is suddenly raped by the groomsmen (network executives), to the despair of the creator/father. I wrote a blog entry a few posts back about using the the word out of context, and this is yet another example of how easy it can be to play down or desensitize actual rape.

The F word discusses the disgusting video game RapeLay, in which the player must rape a mother and daughter until they begin to “enjoy” it. Talk of this has been circulating the blogosphere for months, and Amazon Japan has final agreed to remove the game from their website.

Equality Now launched a successful campaign to stop Illusion Software from carrying the game, but now they are asking the public to write letters to Amazon Japan to stop the sale of other sexually violent games, as well as to Japanese government officials to ban the sale of computer games like RapeLay.

If you’d like to participate, names and addresses are available at the Equality Now link above.

Unfortunately, the Numbers Don’t Lie

I think a lot about how to convince people that sexual assault on college campuses IS as common as the statistics dictate (yes, this is what I think about, sad life, I know). It seems that a mixture of apathy, denial, claims that in one way or another “she was asking for it,” and the myth of “gray rape” have relegated campus assault to the realm of “it’s awful when it happens, but it’s not as much of a problem as all those crazy feminists make it out to be.” This attitude is destructive; it affects the way we teach young people about assault, it affects the services we offer students, it affects how the crime is (or isn’t) prosecuted, and it affects how the media covers the topic.

With that in mind, I decided to go back through a month’s worth of news and see what I could find about sexual assault on college campuses. Below are the results, colleges with sexual assaults reported on from April 20 to May 20 (some stories may be triggering):

South Texas College

Santa Clara University

Jefferson College

University of Nebraska-Lincoln

SUNY Potsdam

Ithaca College

Eastern Kentucky University

University of Pittsburgh at Titusville

University of Louisiana at Monroe

University of Hartford

Pensacola Junior College

Montclair State University

California State University, Northridge

Pennsylvania State University

Cleveland State University

Palomar College

University of Scranton

University of Maine

Shippensburg University

Wells College

University of San Francisco

San Diego State University

Oregon State University

University of Cincinnati

El Camino College

I hope that looking at that list is as striking to you as it is to me. That’s 25 reports in 31 days.

Admittedly, this is not a list that one can draw any kind of straightforward conclusion from about the frequency of campus assault—a couple of these incidents are months old, a number are still “alleged” assaults, one refers to an attempted assault, and a couple are cases of college students who were assaulted off campus, or assaulted by non-college students. In fact, it seems that assaults are most likely to get media attention when they are “stranger rapes,” and not when students are assaulted by people they know, which we know to be the most common assault cases. This gap between the reality of assault and what gets published probably has a number of causes, ranging from prejudice to pragmatics (i.e., date rapes make less compelling news stories, but are also perhaps less likely to be reported to school officials or more likely to be dealt with on campus).

But still, the numbers are telling. Take these 25 stories and add all of the assaults that occurred between April 20 and May 20 that were never reported (60% of all assaults are not). Or were reported and dismissed. Or were reported but never made it to the news. The numbers get pretty staggering pretty quickly.  It’s also striking to me that of these 25 stories, 1 deals with the rape of male student and 4 incidents occurred at frat parties** or frat events. At least one mentions date-rape drugs, one involves a university basketball coach, and one reports on a female student who was raped by her boyfriend. I don’t like referring to people’s traumas as mere numbers, but when you look at all of the different kinds of assault—all of the different threats faced by young men and women—and then you multiply them exponentially…it can take your breath away.

(**This is really disturbing. When are we going to deal with the issue of fraternaties and assault, large-scale? It doesn’t seem as though it will ever stop or be taken seriously)

Monday Morning Links

Even though it is basically afternoon…

I’m going to try and start doing this once a week (though not always on Mondays)—there is just too much to write about and nowhere near enough time. Thankfully, lots of badass ladies and men all over the internet are completely on top of it and doing awesome work. Starting out short this week, but the lists are going to grow (until, of course, we all eradicate sexual violence, so let’s work on that).

The always wonderful Marcella recently posted Carnival Against Sexual Violence 70 at abyss2hope. Particularly of note (in relation to SAFER’s work) is a post from Feminist Ideas and Praxis analyzing the media coverage of a rape at Tulane University.

Cara at The Curvature has a really interesting discussion of how abstinence education distorts the “no means no” model.

Via the WOC and Ally Blog Carnival at Tell It WOC comes a post from last month that I somehow missed. “Rape Trees and Immigrant Women: the silent victims,” at What A Crazy Happenstance, talks about the horrifying phenomenon of ‘rape trees”—trees on the Mexico-U.S. border that are strewn with the clothes of women who were raped by the men who were supposed to be helping them illegally cross—and how the story has been co-opted by anti-immigration media.

Jill at Feministe wrote about the trial of Steven Green, a U.S. Soldier who took part in the rape of a 14 year-old Iraqi girl and the murder of her and her family. A lot of the press surrounding this case has focused on the mental health of the solider, whose lawyers are arguing that he was exposed to especially extreme combat conditions and was suffering from a severe stress disorder. However, what really got to me was the first coverage I saw of the story, an Associated Press piece that was picked up by a number of news outlets about how the defense was describing Green’s childhood as “troubled.” Specifically: “A former soldier who could be sentenced to death for rape and murder in Iraq had a difficult childhood after his parents divorced and at times shuttled among friends and relatives, the man’s stepfather testified Wednesday.” …….Seriously, you’re going with divorced parents? That’s the defense you’re choosing? I am all for aknowledging the context of violence and crime, but that is far beyond inappropriate given the horrific nature of the crime and shows an unbelievably disgusting disregard for the lives of Abeer Kassem al-Janabi and her family.

When Do We Give Second Chances?

The blogosphere has been discussing the case of Daniel Hood, a Knoxville Catholic High School student who just signed a football scholarship with the University of Tennessee. There’s just this one thing– when he was 13 years old, he played a role in the sexual assault of a female cousin, along with a 17-year-old.

According to Knox News:

Hood was tried as a juvenile and found to be delinquent by a jury “on the basis that he had committed the adult offenses of kidnapping and aggravated rape,” according to records from a 2006 appeal.
….
[He] was placed in the custody of the Department of Children’s Services. After completing a rehabilitation program at Mountain View Youth Development Center in Dandridge, DCS transferred Hood to a group home in West Knoxville.

Continue reading

The Heart of the Matter (re: Ward, Hirshman, and the rest of the world)

After having written here on the topic of victim-blaming intermittently for the past few months, I feel compelled to follow-up with some thoughts (or maybe, to rant a bit).

Time and again, the first response elicited by a person accused of saying something akin to “she was asking for it,” usually sounds like “no, of course I don’t mean that her behavior justifies assault, or caused someone to assault her…but she was acting in a way that makes her more vulnerable to being assaulted.” Case in point—Steve Ward of VH1′s Tough Love, who I wrote about earlier. When responding to a viewer who was upset by the “she was asking for it” stance taken on the show, Steve replied:

I want you to know that I in no way want anyone to believe I would ever “blame the victim” of a rape for being raped.  I realize there are countless cases of women who have been targeted and assaulted without any provocation and I sincerely feel for those women.  However, there are also many reported and unreported cases of rape where women have intentionally provoked their attacker or knowingly teased, mislead or aroused the man with no intentions of having sex only to spurn an unwanted sexual response.  I have been told many stories by victims of sexual abuse and listened to them describe in their own words how they put themselves in a position to be taken advantage of.  These stories typically involved fraternity parties, binge drinking, promiscuous behavior, “roofies” and mostly that sort of thing…I’m sorry to disagree, but there are many instances of women being raped because of “hyper-sexual flirting” with the wrong guy…

Wow. Continue reading

Students protest against tuition hikes

So I’m a bit behind on posting this, but it’s still an important news story.

This op-ed from the New York Times discusses some reasons why tuition inflation is now double the general inflation rate. Not only do staff job increases outpace enrollment, but colleges are also trying to seem more appealing to prospective students by increasing amenities, such as gyms.

Last December, NY state legislature decided to increase tuition for CUNY & SUNY students by $300 for each semester. But colleges will receive only 20% of the money generated by the increase, with the remainder going towards the state budget deficit.

So on April 22nd, students along with faculty walked out of classes to protest the CUNY tuition hikes. At Brooklyn College, 400 students protested in the quad, while 250 people walked out at City College. Baruch College’s newspaper, The Ticker, has an article with more details.

Some students complained that not enough people seemed to take an interest in the protests. A CCNY student described the attempt to attract more students to walkout:

There is not enough of a communal feel here at City. Everyone is in his or her own bubble. They’re not moving me I’ll tell you that much.

One of my friends who attends Brooklyn College said something along the same lines, which is a little depressing. These changes affect every student who isn’t enrolled on a full scholarship. Many who attend CUNY do not have excessive income, and tuition raises are difficult enough when the economy is actually flourishing.

Here’s a video petition against SUNY tuition hikes:

The Word

I love StumbleUpon. Utterly obsessed with it to a fault. It can give me the most inane videos of cats jumping on macbooks or even photos of cats with captions in broken english, and I’m fascinated.

Yesterday it gave me an hour-long video recorded at the 2008 LA Social Forum by the Women’s Studies Student Association of Cal State Long Beach. It shows a workshop about “reframing violence against women as a men’s issue as well as explaining the concept of a rape culture.”

One topic is how language reflects culture, and more specifically, how sentence structure and choice of words can seem to minimize assault. While their discussion revolved more around active and passive uses of violent verbs, it let me to think more about the trend of using the word “rape” as a way to describe ownage (or in the gaming world, pwnage).

In the same vein, an article on alternet.org talks about how the word “rape” is increasingly being used to describe any negative experience, such as losing a competition or bombing an audition. Can you imagine accidentally saying that around someone who experienced sexual violence?

I can’t decide which is worse– claiming to rape something (as in ownership) or claiming something raped you. When a word is used in other ways than its original meaning, the result is often a desensitization of the word. Just the notion that someone can say, “Oh, this video game totally raped me,” is indicative of how the word loses its power.

So the next time you hear someone misuse the word, give them the real definition.